Act of 5 November 1916 proved important for the Polish cause, as for the first time since perhaps 1815, two partitioning powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) sought Polish support against the other (Russia), and bidding began for this support. by Wojciech Roszkowski A substantial change in the Central Powers’ attitude to the Polish cause came…
The Slavs were familiar with various sports competitions, but the custom of organizing tournaments only reached Poland via neighboring countries. However, fighting in the lists quickly appealed to the local knights. by Antoni Olbrychski Louis, the German Landgrave of Thuringia, organized the first tourney in Poland after he attacked the border town of Lubusz….
The victory achieved by John III Sobieski on 12 September in Vienna marked the defeat of the Ottoman army. It was one of the greatest battles of the 17th century, one of the greatest triumphs of Polish arms and, at the same time, the most painful defeat of the Turks. However, it did not mark…
On the night from 6 to 7 October 1620, a seventy-three-year-old Crown Grand Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski perished on the battlefield in the last act of a drama that had begun a month prior. At the beginning of September, amid growing political tensions between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire, the Hetman entered Moldavia –…
The inauguration of the new building of the Polish History Museum took place on 28 September. The ceremony was attended by the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda and the First Lady, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Deputy Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński, Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr Gliński, and the Director of…
Communism, which was imposed on Poland in 1945, elicited society’s opposition and resistance. The economic crisis that was becoming increasingly severe in Poland from the mid-1970s, coupled with the growing consolidation of opposition milieux, led to an outbreak of societal discontent in the summer of 1980. Initially, the protests were characterized by uncoordinated strikes in…
