Poznań 1956: a revolt that shook the system

The strike started by workers at Poznań’s largest factory, the Joseph Stalin Metal Works, spread to the entire city, and became an anti-communist revolt. For the Stalinist regime, this was an earthquake. by Paweł Sasanka   At 6 am on 28 June 1956, when the workers of the W-3 division came to work, none of…


Henryk Dobrzański: A Crazy Major

Henryk Dobrzański lived and served in the Polish army according to the motto: “I will not lay down my arms, I will not take off my uniform. So help me God.” Henryk Dobrzański, aka Major Hubal, was taken by surprise and killed by the Germans on 30 April 1940. by Piotr Bejrowski   He was…


Palmiry and the destruction of the Polish elite

It is worthwhile noting the above mentioned group – the Polish leadership elite – as its fate reveals the objectives of Nazi-Germany’s occupation policy in Poland. Before the outbreak of war, the German authorities began to plan the extermination of a broadly defined Polish leadership elite. Although generally referred to as the intelligentsia, with education…


Beautiful minds. Extraordinary mathematicians from Lwów

“In fact, the story of Lwów mathematicians had little chances of happening, because this mathematical phenomenon brought together people who came from completely different social strata. There were twenty or twenty-odd at most. If it was not for mathematics, they wouldn’t have met. And they would not have created a school written about in encyclopedias…


Sejmik records: transcripts of political life

One of the tasks of historians (at least those who have learned the principles of modern scientific techniques) is to search for sources, and to subject those already found to critical appraisal. However, won’t the resources of unknown documents be exhausted one day? Fortunately, not only is the number of documents increasing (and archives make…


A testament that divided Poland for two centuries

Prince Bolesław III (Wrymouth) at the end of his rule wished to avoid fratricidal fights for power at all costs. Thus he established the succession law with the senioriate system. Unfortunately, history mocked his good intentions. by Piotr Bejrowski   Bolesław III (1086–1138) was a ruler who deferred to the policy pursued by his illustrious…


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