There have been few wars in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth so short and so full of sensational twists and turns. by Michał Wasiucionek The story of the short but bloody Khotyn War (1620–1621) was full of dramatic twists and turns: from the unexpected and overwhelming defeat of the Crown army at Țuțora…
In the early morning of 12 September 1683, in the ruins of the church of St Joseph on Kahlenberg Hill near Vienna burnt by the Turks, Mark of Aviano, an Italian Capuchin sometimes referred to as the ‘spiritual father of Europe’, celebrated Mass for the success of the battle against the Ottoman Empire. The King…
The victory achieved by John III Sobieski on 12 September in Vienna marked the defeat of the Ottoman army. It was one of the greatest battles of the 17th century, one of the greatest triumphs of Polish arms and, at the same time, the most painful defeat of the Turks. However, it did not mark…
