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How the Constitution of 3 May 1791 was passed

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The passing of the Government Act was possible because an understanding had been reached between members of the enlightened opposition and the King, Stanisław August Poniatowski. by Piotr Ugniewski The turning point had been a long discussion between the leader of that opposition, Ignacy Potocki, and the monarch, at the Royal Castle, on 4 December…

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The Constitution of the 3rd of May (the Government Statute)

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During the reign of the last king of Poland,  Stanisław August Poniatowski (Stanisław II Augustus), daring attempts at internal reform were carried out in order to avert disaster for the Rzeczpospolita (Commonwealth). A promising opportunity arose with the Sejm that deliberated between 1788 and 1792, as it was a “confederated Sejm”, meaning that unanimity was…

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The Temple of Divine Providence: a commitment fulfilled

A vote of gratitude for the Constitution of 3 May 1791
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The Constitution of 3 May 1791: the dawn of a better future

An interview with Professor Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski
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Henryk Sienkiewicz: A Writer Who Shaped the Imagination of Generations

(5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916)
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733–1795: Light and Flame

Review of the book by Richard Butterwick