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The Establishment of the Bar Confederation

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Ewa Zientara: Why was the Bar Confederation formed? Dorota Dukwicz: This question is only seemingly easy. In 1767 the Radom Confederates hoped that Russia would help them depose the hated King Stanisław II Augustus and move away the spectre of the demands made by the non-Catholic nobility, that is, dissenters, or dissidents, as they were…

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Tadeusz Rejtan, Polish voice of objection

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Becoming a national hero because one decided to obey the rules of parliamentary procedure? Being shown on innumerable stamps and posters, and what is more – becoming a part of a proverb? (“Kłaść się Rejtanem” means literally “to lie down like Rejtan”, but metaphorically – “to oppose something strongly”). Indeed this is what happened to…

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The Temple of Divine Providence: a commitment fulfilled

A vote of gratitude for the Constitution of 3 May 1791
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The Constitution of 3 May 1791: the dawn of a better future

An interview with Professor Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski
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Henryk Sienkiewicz: A Writer Who Shaped the Imagination of Generations

(5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916)
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733–1795: Light and Flame

Review of the book by Richard Butterwick