Wincenty Witos: The peasant leader of Poland

Three-time prime minister and leader of the peasant movement, Wincenty Witos was one of the most distinguished statesmen of the Second Polish Republic. Born into a poor peasant family, he rose to the heights of power through his own hard work and determination, never losing touch with his origins. Witos earned a place in Polish…


August 1920: how Poland saved Europe from Bolshevism

The end of World War I was greeted with relief throughout Europe, but in most countries this was accompanied by profound disillusionment with the political and social establishment which had brought it about. Such feelings led to revolution in Russia, Germany and Austria, and violent unrest in France, Great Britain, Italy and elsewhere as many…



The Peace Treaty of Riga: A Stop-gap for Russian Expansion

The peace concluded between the Republic of Poland, of the one part, and Soviet Russia and Ukraine, of the other part, brought political order to the territories between the Baltic and Black Seas for 18 and a half years. Eventually, Hitler’s ally Moscow declared it ‘null and void’. by Wojciech Stanisławski   Who knows, maybe…