To the Polish people. Manifesto of the Movement for Defence of Human and Citizen’s Rights
48th anniversary of proclamation of the Act

A wave of protests swept over Poland in June 1976 after the announcement of an increase in groceries’ prices. The authorities eventually resigned from price changes but introduced repression against the protesting workers. This met with a quick response from the intelligentsia, who organised financial and legal support for the repressed and soon started forming...

Kościuszko – a man before his time
an interview with Alex Storozynski

Tadeusz Kościuszko dedicated his life to tolerance and liberty for all. He was a man ahead of his time and led by setting an example that we should all try to follow – says Alex Storozynski.     Tadeusz Kościuszko is an extraordinary historical figure – a hero of two nations, Poland and the United...

March 1981: “Solidarity” at the height of its power
44th anniversary of the Bydgoszcz crisis

On 27 March 1981, “Solidarity” organized a protest in response to the beating of union members by the militia. Their strike, with at least 2 and a half million participants, is also remembered as their largest protest. by Tomasz Kozłowski   In February 1981, General Wojciech Jaruzelski became Poland’s prime minister. For over a decade,...

The Peace Treaty of Riga: A Stop-gap for Russian Expansion
The 103rd anniversary of the proclamation of the Act

The peace concluded between the Republic of Poland, of the one part, and Soviet Russia and Ukraine, of the other part, brought political order to the territories between the Baltic and Black Seas for 18 and a half years. Eventually, Hitler’s ally Moscow declared it ‘null and void’. by Wojciech Stanisławski   Who knows, maybe...

Who Was the Famous Stańczyk from Jan Matejko’s Painting?
A masterpiece by a 24-year-old painter

At the court of Queen Bona Sforza, the party is in full swing. The royal jester is the only one to see the approaching disaster… by Michał Haake   Jesters bring pleasure, jokes, fun and laughter to others, ‘as if this is what the grace of God sent them here for, to cheer up the...

'We Demand the Truth about Katyn!'
the Katyn Massacre as a Subject Taken up by the Opposition in Post-War Communist-Ruled Poland

Recalling the Katyn Massacre was an important aspect of the activities of the democratic opposition in the Polish People’s Republic (PRL), one of the reasons being the subject’s high importance for society back then. by Grzegorz Majchrzak   This is best exemplified by the fact that a booklet by Ryszard Zieliński entitled ‘Katyń’ was the...

Cursed Soldiers, a rural vengeance war
Interview with Tomasz Łabuszewski, a researcher on the postwar anti-communist underground

On 1 March 1951, following a show trial at Mokotów prison in Warsaw, seven members of the WiN independence movement (IV Zarządu Głównego Zrzeszenia – Wolność i Niezawisłość) were shot. The anniversary of this crime has been commemorated since 2011 as the National Memorial Day of the Cursed Soldiers. Tomasz Wiścicki interviews Dr. Tomasz Łabuszewski,...

Wojciech Kilar: not just film music
(17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013)

If one were to search for the distinguishing feature in Wojciech Kilar’s music among the achievements of other eminent 20th-century Polish musicians, one could point to its diversity. For Kilar was not only the author of numerous, well-known and appreciated musical film illustrations – through the prism of which he is mostly remembered today –...

Poland cracked the secrets of the Reich
An interview with Professor Jacek Tebinka

During the Second World War, Poland and Britain cooperated closely and shared some joint victories in the air battle for England, Narvik and Monte Cassino. But that’s not all. The contacts among the secret services of both countries were also of significant importance. Lesser known pages from the history of Polish-British cooperation in this period...

Rubinstein: a poet of the grand piano
(28 January 1887 – 20 December 1982)

Artur Rubinstein is counted among the most outstanding pianists of the 20th century. Apart from the sheer scale of his talent, there were many reasons behind this artist’s exceptional position in past century world culture. First and foremost is his exceptionally long – almost eight-decade – intensive career as a pianist, measured by thousands of...

Joachim Lelewel: a bibliophile whom others followed to the barricades
(22 March 1786 – 29 May 1861)

Incredibly insightful as a historian, he wrote in a heavy-handed style. But for one sentence: ‘For our freedom and yours!’, he should have been named the first copyrighter among the revolutionaries. by Wojciech Stanisławski   Above-average ten-year-olds, collectors of maps and insects, incidentally mastering numerous languages, often become serious scientists. Their parents, and especially their...

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Polishhistory is an online project of the Polish History Museum in Warsaw. It is primarily addressed to all those interested in Polish and Central European history. Our aim is to build a community consisting of those professionally involved in research and of those interested in the outcomes of research, essentially, all lovers of history. The...